{"population":37563071,"blurb":{"text":"Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, and borders Lithuania and Russia to the northeast; Belarus and Ukraine to the east; Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south; and Germany to the west. The territory has a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and a temperate climate. Poland is composed of sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the fifth largest EU country by land area, covering 312,696 km2 (120,733 sq mi). The capital and largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"},"vexillology":{"text":"The national flag of Poland consists of two horizontal stripes of equal width, the upper one white and the lower one red. The two colours are defined in the Polish constitution as the national colours. A variant of the flag with the national coat of arms in the middle of the white fess is legally reserved for official use abroad and at sea. A similar flag with the addition of a white eagle is used as the naval ensign of Poland.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Poland"},"flagDesign":{"text":"The colours and flags of the Republic of Poland are described in two legal documents: the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997 and the Coat of Arms, Colours and Anthem of the Republic of Poland and State Seals Act (Ustawa o godle, barwach i hymnie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej oraz o pieczęciach państwowych) of 1980 with subsequent amendments (henceforth referred to as \"the Coat of Arms Act\").\n\nLegislation concerning the national symbols is far from perfect. The Coat of Arms Act has been amended several times and refers extensively to executive ordinances, some of which have never been issued. Moreover, the Act contains errors, omissions and inconsistencies which make the law confusing, open to various interpretations and often not followed in practice.\n\nAccording to Chapter I, Article 28, paragraph 2 of the Constitution, the national colours of Poland are white and red. The Coat of Arms Act, Article 4, further specifies that the colours are white and red in two horizontal, parallel stripes of equal width, of which the top one is white and the bottom one is red. If the colours are displayed vertically, the white stripe is placed on the left from the onlooker's viewpoint.…","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Poland"},"photos":["https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/2020_%C5%BCubry_03.jpg/500px-2020_%C5%BCubry_03.jpg","https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/2024-03_Katowice_archikatedra_taras_%285%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-2024-03_Katowice_archikatedra_taras_%285%29_%28cropped%29.jpg","https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/2024-09_Sejm_RP_Sala_Posiedze%C5%84_%284%29.jpg/500px-2024-09_Sejm_RP_Sala_Posiedze%C5%84_%284%29.jpg","https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Andrzej_Wajda_1974.jpg/500px-Andrzej_Wajda_1974.jpg"]}